Hello! I am Jon Paulien and I’m glad you came to this page to check out my work. I am a New Testament scholar and Professor of Religion at Loma Linda University. On this website you will find a collection of my articles, commentary on Revelation, and links to my blog, videos, and other resources. Make sure you check the articles link above regularly to see the latest postings. In my hand above is an exact replica of p52, the earliest extant New Testament manuscript fragment, containing portions of John, chapter 18. Centered above my head is a replica of ancient Greek pottery. At either end above are two sets of books from, and about, my favorite spiritual author, Ellen G. White. I hope you enjoy the site.

Daily Devotional For October 14, 2026

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Here is the mind that has wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains, on which the woman is sitting, and they are seven kings. Five have fallen, one exists now, and one is yet to come, and when he comes it is necessary that he remains for a short time. And the beast, who was and is not, he is an eighth, but he is one of the seven, and he will go to destruction. Rev 17:9-11.

           In Greek the word for hills and mountains is the same. So the author may have had Rome, the city of seven hills, in mind as a model for this beast. On the other hand, since the hills appear one after the other rather than together, this may not be the intention of the text. Whatever their meaning, the hills in our text represent secular and political power in support of Babylon. With these “kings” behind her, Babylon woman will have great power at the End.
           The pedigree of this end-time beast is in the seven kings. Many attempts have been made to identify these. But the basic principle to follow is that God meets people where they are. When a prophet gets an explanation of a prophecy, it is always given in terms of his time and place (Dan 2:37-40; 7:19-25). The one who “exists now” would, then, be the Rome of John’s day.
           The five who “have fallen” would presumably be the great empires of the Old Testament, Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Persia, and Greece. Each of these functioned as an enemy of God’s people for a time. The “king” that is “yet to come” from John’s perspective, would be a future power that would become an enemy of God’s people after the fall of Rome. But the seventh “king” is not the last. Beyond the seventh is an eighth, who is also one of the seven! Can you see why this text has puzzled many through the centuries? And the matter is relatively easy in English, the more closely you look at the Greek the more puzzling the imagery becomes!
           The best explanation seems to be that the seventh head is the sea beast of Revelation 13. It too came up after the time of John and the Roman Empire (Rev 13:2). It too is resurrected for the final conflict (Rev 13:3, 12). The “eighth head” then would be the final manifestation of political power in support of Babylon at the End (17:3).
           It may not be necessary to understand all the details here. What we have in this passage is the pedigree of a world-wide end-time political power. It functions at the End the way the seven previous powers in earth’s history did. Worldwide political union was a reality in John’s day and previous to it. Such worldwide union is not a reality at the present time, but will be restored in preparation for the battle of Armageddon (Rev 16:14-16). This will be the last challenge of earth’s history for the people of God.

           Lord, help this picture of end-time events to energize my decisions and actions today. I want to be faithful even when everyone else is not.